What Blood Pressure Numbers Mean

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. If you have a reading of 180/120 mmHg or higher and feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately.

Blood Pressure Categories for Adults (NICE NG136, UK-focused)

Blood pressure is classified based on clinic readings, but a diagnosis requires confirmation with out-of-office monitoring (home or ambulatory) to avoid white-coat effects. These categories are general guidelines:

• Optimal/Normal: Clinic <120/80 mmHg — often no action needed beyond a healthy lifestyle.
• High-Normal: Clinic 130–139/85–89 mmHg — monitor closely for changes.
• Hypertension Stage 1: Clinic 140–159/90–99 mmHg (or ABPM/HBPM daytime average ≥135/85 mmHg) — consider treatment if cardiovascular risk is elevated (e.g., QRISK ≥10%) or other factors.
• Hypertension Stage 2: Clinic ≥160/100 mmHg (or ABPM/HBPM daytime ≥150/95 mmHg) — treatment usually recommended.
• Severe Hypertension: Clinic ≥180/120 mmHg — urgent assessment required if symptoms or target organ damage present.

These align with UK NICE guidelines (NG136); US guidelines (AHA/ACC) use lower thresholds — always consult your GP for advice relevant to you.

• A single reading is not enough for diagnosis — confirmation with multiple readings at home or ambulatory monitoring is recommended.
• Treatment targets: Maintain clinic BP <140/90 mmHg (or <135/85 mmHg out-of-office) for most adults under 80. Age 80+: usually <150/90 mmHg clinic (or <145/85 mmHg out-of-office), with adjustments for frailty.
• Some UK experts (e.g., BIHS 2025) suggest lower targets (e.g., <130/80 mmHg) in certain cases; discuss with your GP.
• Hypotension is generally considered below ~90/60 mmHg if symptomatic (e.g., dizziness, fainting).

This information summarises UK guidelines (NICE NG136, BIHS 2025) and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.

How Age and Sex Affect Blood Pressure

Blood pressure naturally changes with age. Younger adults often have lower readings, while older adults may see numbers rise due to stiffer arteries. Men and women may show small differences at different stages — for example, women’s blood pressure may rise after menopause.

While averages vary by age and sex, the classification categories remain the same for all adults.

Why Understanding Your Blood Pressure Matters

• Interpret your blood pressure readings accurately
• Have informed discussions with your GP or healthcare provider
• Stay aware of changes in your cardiovascular health
• Spot trends or unusual patterns early

Best Practices for Accurate Blood Pressure Measurement

• Be seated and rested for at least 5 minutes before measuring
• Keep your back supported and feet flat on the floor
• Support your arm at heart level
• Avoid caffeine, exercise, and smoking for at least 30 minutes before measurement
• Take multiple readings over time for reliable trends

Home monitoring is recommended to get a more complete picture of your blood pressure patterns.

Tracking Your Blood Pressure

Understanding your numbers is the first step. Keeping a record of your readings makes the information even more useful. Use our free printable blood pressure logs to monitor trends and share them with your healthcare provider if needed.

Frequently Asked Questions

Quick Takeaway

Blood pressure readings include systolic and diastolic numbers. In the UK, hypertension typically starts at clinic readings of 140/90 mmHg or home/ambulatory readings ≥135/85 mmHg. Age 80+ targets are slightly higher. Some UK experts (BIHS) suggest lower targets in certain cases. Track your readings using our free printable blood pressure logs to monitor trends and share with your GP.